CCAMLR

Visual observations of cetaceans were conducted aboard the Ukrainian krill fishing vessel More Sodruzhestva. Observations were made during December 2018 – to January 2019 in Subareas 48.1 and 48.2. 66 baleen whale registrations were recorded. Whale’s behavior was observed and analyzed.

The Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force (MMPA Task Force) was established in 2013 by the International Committee on Marine Mammal Protected Areas (ICoMMPA), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Vice-Chair of the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), and the Members of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC).

This group organises scientific workshops whose objective is to identify and delimit habitats that are considered important for one or more marine mammal species, and which have the potential to be managed in terms of species/habitat conservation. The identified "Important Areas for Marine Mammals" (IMMAs) make it possible to put in place localised protection and/or monitoring measures, or simply zoning within existing and future marine protected areas (MPAs).

The objective of this document is to present the scientific protocol for the identification of IMMAs and the programme for identification in the marine regions of the world, to the scientific experts associated with the working groups of the CCAMLR Scientific Committee. IMMAs have the potential to be used as information layers in the designation of areas that deserve particular attention in terms of conservation.

Several studies have emphasized the variable abundance of Pygoscelid penguins from different colonies around Antarctica. In this study, the extinction risk of Adélie, Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins was evaluated in order to identify the most endangered colonies under present-day and future environmental scenarios. The extinction risk was estimated for twelve colonies from environmentally contrasting areas, such as the Antarctic Peninsula, Ross Sea and East Antarctica. We focused on the endogenous structure and the response of population dynamics of each colony to exogenous perturbations. The intraspecific competition appears as the most important endogenous factor in all colonies. In turn, the response to exogenous perturbations was rather idiosyncratic and dependant on the local conditions. Those colonies most vulnerable to climate change showed a strong dependency on sea ice extent during the winter, i.e. prior to the breeding season, which directly affects the carrying capacity of the area. The reduction of carrying capacity is mediated by a decrease in food availability and appears as key factor for the persistence of these populations. Based on these results, probabilities for extinction and quasi-extinction under different climate change scenarios were estimated. The most vulnerable Adélie penguin colonies are distributed on the Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) and at Syowa Station (Eastern Antarctic). The Subantarctic Gentoo penguin colony on Marion Island appears particularly vulnerable and governed by macro-scale environmental variability represented by the Southern Annular Mode index (SAM).

The sub-Antarctic region -here considered between the sub-Antarctic Front and the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) -falls under many distinct jurisdictions, including Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of several countries, as well as the areas of competence of several international bodies as the SEAFO, SIOFA and CCAMLR. However, in oceanographic terms, these zones appear mostly as a continuum, due to the connecting effectof the ACC. In this paper we review some techniques which have been developed recently in order to trace connectivity and dispersal patterns induced by the horizontal transport. These are satellite-based Lagrangian methods, which predict remarkably well the extent of phytoplanktonic blooms occurring for hundreds of kilometres in the wake of nutrient sources like islands, seamounts, and hydrothermal vents. These quantitative methods can be applied as well to areas under and beyond national jurisdictions. As an example, we show here the cross-boundary dispersal patterns of the water within and beyond the EEZs in the sub-Antarctic. These patterns inform on the incoming and outcoming pathways of tracers transported in the upper layer, like fish larvae and possible pollutants. The high connection of the physical and biological processes and the cross-boundary physical linkage suggests a geographically integrated evaluation of the sub-Antarctic region.

The purpose of this "paper" is to present a research project in progress on the physiology of Antarctic krill, with a focus on the response to environmental temperature variations. This study first focused on the study of heat shock proteins (HSP) and the comparative aspect quickly became essential for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in relation to the environment. On the basis of this observation, this comparative approach has become the basis of the project and should soon focus on data from at least 25 different euphausiid species harvested in the Antarctic, Arctic and a latitudinal gradient stretching from the tropical environment to the waters of the Antarctic Polar Front. This ecophysiological study is as global as possible and combines transcriptomic (currently 17 transcriptomes are already available), metabolomic and lipidomic approach in the frame of French-Taiwanese and French-Chilean collaboration.

At WG-SM-18, the Secretariat presented the development and progress made on a Project List web database to support Research and Monitoring Plans (RMPs) for individual Marine Protected Areas (MPA), as recommended by SC-CAMLR-XXXVI. This paper reports on the updates made to the data structure model for the CCAMLR MPA Information Repository (CMIR), based on feedback received at WG-SM-18, through intersessional consultation, and following a review of the proposed RMPs from each MPA. The updated data structure model seeks to harmonise general principles across all of the RMPs.

Krill length data collected from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data sources were analysed for trends in population structure. Krill length data collected by the Scheme of Scientific Observation (SISO) and the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP) from 2008 to 2019 in the Bransfield Strait were compared. Differences in mean lengths and length-frequencies were apparent, however both data sources appeared to be tracking similar processes. CEMP data revealed patterns in population structure consistent with previous studies, and may provide a more appropriate source for measuring shifts in population structure and recruitment. Analysis demonstrates the importance of using long-term data collected by different sources to gain a complete understanding of trends in krill population structure and dynamics for use in fisheries management.

This paper outlines the objectives, survey and analytical procedures and work schedule of a new non-lethal research program on whales and the ecosystem in the Indo-Pacific region of the Antarctic (JASS-A= Japanese Abundance and Stock structure Surveys in the Antarctic). The main research objectives are i) the study of the abundance and abundance trends of Antarctic minke and other large whale species, and ii) the study of the distribution, movement and stock structure of Antarctic minke and other large whale species. JASS-A also has several secondary research objectives related to oceanographic, marine debris and whale biology. The research program will be based on systematic sighting surveys utilizing the Line Transect Method, to be conducted alternatively in IWC Areas III, IV, V and VI by one or two specialized vessels, during a tentative period of eight austral summer seasons. Analyses related to main and secondary objectives will be conducted based on new as well previous data collected by JARPA/JARPAII and NEWREP-A in the same research area. Therefore the analyses under each of the objectives will be based on large and consistent data sets. The survey plan for the 2019/20 austral summer season is presented as an appendix to this document.