CCAMLR

Catch and effort data recorded by all vessels were analyzed using the latest CCAMLR C2 and observer data.

The stock size estimates for research blocks were revised following advice in the last WG-SAM meeting. We tentatively recalculated a sample size of Dissostichus spp in each block in such a way that the numbers of tag recoveries in the 2016 season shows an approximately 0.3 of coefficient variance of biomass estimate from the bootstrapped procedure, under the condition that the exploitation rate (sample size / estimated stock size) would not exceed 3.5%. The tentatively estimated sample sizes turned out to be larger in many blocks and smaller in a few blocks over the data poor-fisheries. Since we have yet to obtain enough evidence to estimate plausible stock size, and accordingly have yet to estimate appropriate catch limit, we propose to conduct the current research operation for at least 3 years with the same sample size as decided at the last CCAMLR meeting for the current research blocks, in order to promote successful stock assessment.

We tentatively examined the degree of coverage of the austral summer sea-ice during past 10 years in the current research blocks and an additional research block (486e in SSRUs B and C) which Japan and South Africa proposed in the last WG-SAM meeting. The sea-ice condition during the summer season was generally favorable for operations for the research blocks. Based on this examination, 486e block appears to be a promising research block and hence we propose the addition of the research block 486e, where Shinsei-maru No.3 released a total of 587 tagged D. mawsoni in 2011, in order to maximize the use of tagged fish. 

We propose the extension of the east boundary of research block 486d from the current 13°E to 15°E to examine whether the fish migration could be active in this continental-shelf block.  

The separation rule was one of the major inconveniences for successful research, as it may excessively limit the available area for research hauls. For this reason, we propose the mitigation rule that 50% of lines are required to be separated by not less than 3 n miles from each other but the rest of lines can be set freely between the separated lines. In this way, over-concentration of catch and effort can be avoided while reducing the inconveniences for operation.  

Similarly, strict application of the move-on rule could compromise success in the research. We propose the relaxation of rule by increasing the current trigger level of 1 500 kg for the catch of Macrourus spp. in two 10-day periods provided in the paragraph 6 of CM33-03 to 2 000 kg.

We revised stock status assessments of D. eleginoides in SSRUs C and D using comparative CPUE, modified Lincoln-Petersen and CASAL models following advices during the last WG-SAM meeting. Detailed results using CASAL models in SSRU C are described in a separated document.

The catch and tagging data in SSRU D were not enough to be applied to modified Lincoln-Petersen and CASAL models. Thus the stock sizes of D. eleginoides in SSRU D is estimated only by using CPUE comparison with the stock size estimates in SSRU C obtained from each method.

The estimated stock size in SSRU C from CPUE comparison (548 tonnes) was similar to that (542 tonnes) from modified Lincoln-Petersen. However, the stock size estimated from CASAL base model (1040 tonnes) was about 2 times higher than those from the two methods.

Since we have not obtained enough evidence to estimate plausible stock size, and accordingly have not been able to determine catch limit yet, we would like to conduct research repeated for at least one more year in the same locations as in the 2012/13 season, with the same survey design and sample size of a total of 50 tonnes in SSRUs C and D for the 2013/14 as in the 2012/13, thereafter, the phase of the survey will be moved from effort limited to catch limited.

I revised the CASAL catch-at-length models for stock status assessments of Dissostichus eleginoides in SSRUs C in Division 58.4.4 a & b (WG-SAM-13/21) following several advices during the last WG-SAM meeting as follows: 1)I included 2012 tag data (which was not used for model runs in WG-SAM-13/21), and a combined value of over-dispersions were used for all tag-release years (2008 and 2010‒12) instead of separated value for each year, 2)I calculated effective sample size for the proportions-at-length using regression line between coefficient variances estimated by a bootstrap procedure and expected proportions, 3)I changed the tagging mortality rate estimate of 0.1 instead of 0.2 because Japanese trotline system showed the captures of an adequate number of single-hooked fish in a state suitable for tagging. I made following four sensitive runs; 1)base, 2)25%_IUU, 3)100%_IUU and YCS models. The base model assumed the constant year class strength (YCS) and no IUU fishing occurrence in SSRU C. I changed the base model from that used in WG-SAM-13/21 which assumed estimated variability of YCS and a quarter of observed IUU fishing occurrence in SSRU C because estimated variability of YCS was inconsistence with the estimated vulnerable biomasses, and stock size estimate with an assumption of no IUU occurrence was conservative.

Fits of tag data were a little improved compared to those in the WG-SAM-13/21 in the base model. However, there was some evidence of lack of convergence in MCMC posterior trace and in the median MCMC jump statistics for the shape of the right hand limb of the double normal selectivity in each model. Hence, the MCMC results are not yet robust.

   Median MCMC estimates (95 % credible intervals) of initial and current biomasses in SSRU C were 1100 tonnes (530-3900 tonnes) and 1040 tonnes (470-3840 tonnes), respectively in the base model. The CCAMLR yield was 28 tonnes in the model.

A survey was conducted to collect data of stock status and various biological information of toothfish in SSRUs C and D of Division 58.4.4a & b (Ob Lena Banks) from April 25 to May 22, 2013. A total of 64 research hauls using normal trotline system were made in SSRUs C and D. Total catch of Dissostichus eleginoides (excluding those tagged and released) was 31.1 tonnes in the survey area from 64 longline sets. Mean CPUEs in terms of weight of D. eleginoides was 70.6 kg / km (CV = 79.1%) and 44.2 kg / km (CV = 91.9%) in SSRUs C and D, respectively. Both nominal and standardized CPUEs were relatively higher in 2011 but showed no clear tendencies with the years in SSRU C. Fish in single-hooked and good physical condition constituted 31.6 and 27.1 % of the total catch in SSRUs C and D, respectively. It seems that larger fish > 140 cm are more damaged than smaller ones, which is consistent with the results in 2011/12 season. The possible maximum tagging rate was calculated to be 30.1 fish per tonnes and 23.5 fish per tonnes in SSRUs C and D, respectively. Accordingly sufficient numbers of fish suitable for tagging was captured by using the normal trotline system. A total of 233 fish of D. eleginoides in good physical condition and single-hooked were tagged and released during the survey, and 3 fish of D. eleginoides, which were tagged and released in SSRU C in 2007/08 and 2010/11, were recaptured in the same SSRU. No set was affected by killer whales in both SSRUs.

Tagging studies of skates and rays worldwide provide valuable information to help better understand a wide range of metrics including movements and migrations, stock units, growth rates, longevity, discard survival and abundance. Most Antarctic skate species are little known and, coupled with taxonomic and identification problems, this makes the tagging studies undertaken in the CCAMLR area a potentially valuable data source to better understand this group of fish. Despite tagging programmes being conducted in the CCAMLR area for several years now, only preliminary observations have been presented to CCAMLR Working Groups. This report provides an overview of global tagging studies on skates, a review of tag loss and tag shedding rates in fish (with emphasis on elasmobranchs), a summary of CEFAS tagging data for skates from European waters to inform on typical return rates and initial observations on some of the tagging work undertaken under the auspices of CCAMLR in the Southern Ocean with comments on data quality and suggestions for future work.

In 2009 CCAMLR agreed to incrementally and conditionally bring forward the start date of the Patagonian toothfish fishery in sub-Area 48.3. This allowed vessels that had been 100% compliant with CM 25-01 in the previous season to start 5-days early in 2010 (April 26th) and a further 5 days early in 2011 (April 20th). In 2011, following the success of the initial trial, CCAMLR agreed to further conditional extensions, such that the season could start on the 16th April in 2012 and April 11th in 2013. The season extensions have been successful and no birds were killed during the extension in either 2012 or 2013. Given the success of the trial, it is proposed that the start date of the season be brought forward to the 16th April and that a further two trial extensions (each of 5 days) be allowed.

To date, the stocks of toothfish in Subarea 48.4 have been divided, for assessment purposes, into northern and southern components. The northern component is assessed as a single species of D. eleginoides whilst the southern component is assessed as a combination of D.eleginoides and D. mawsoni. Both species are caught throughout Subarea 48.4 although D.eleginoides are predominantly caught in the north, whilst D. mawsoni are mainly caught in the south. CCAMLR WG-FSA 2012 concluded that species specific assessments, covering the whole of the subarea, would be a more appropriate method for assessing the stocks than the existing area based, species combined approach. This paper describes the revised assessment of D. eleginoides in Subarea 48.4. The main changes to the assessment are: the removal of D.mawsoni data and the inclusion of D. eleginoides for the southern region; revision of tagging data for the full time series; re-estimation of the maturity ogive; changes to the assumed selection pattern and revised growth assumptions. The revised assessment is compared with the previous assessment for this stock. Data deficiencies and areas for future work to further improve the assessment are identified.

A preliminary assessment of toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides.) in Subarea 48.3 is presented.

1. The assessment results from this year’s analyses are very similar to those of 2011. SSB in the terminal assessment year continues to be estimated at around 54% of virgin biomass, consistent with the CCAMLR harvest control rule.
2. The 3-fleet assessment model provides slightly improved fits to CPUE data and to catch at age observations and achieves this by assuming a different selection pattern for the intermediate (1998-2003) period and a slightly changed selection pattern for the most recent period
3. Model outputs from the 2-fleet and 3-fleet assessments are very similar with the exception of the recruitment.YCS estimates which differ markedly in 1990 but follow similar trends in all other years.
4. Recruitment remains uncertain although there is some evidence of the progression of strong year-classes through the catch at age data.
5. MCMC diagnostics and trace plot indicate poorer results than for previous assessments and require further investigation.
6. Yield calculations have yet to be completed.

Mark-recapture data is a central element in the assessment of population size and growth and the stock assessment for Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in CCAMLR subarea 48.3 relies on accurate tagging samples for its assessment. The bias in tagging survival and tag detection is assumed to be minimal in the model, but this assumption has not previously been tested; a pairwise comparison is used to examine the relative performance between vessels in subarea 48.3.

Tag retention in subarea 48.3 is generally good with less than 1% of double-tagged fish losing a tag. Individual vessel performance in tag detection was relatively good compared to all other vessels and tagging survival was also consistent.

This review summarises current knowledge of the elasmobranch fish occurring in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the CCAMLR area. About 14–15 species of elasmobranch have been recorded, with skates (Rajiformes) the most speciose order. Two genera of skates are known (Amblyraja and Bathyraja), although the current taxonomic knowledge of some species or species-groups is incomplete.  Five genera of sharks are known from the area, the most frequently reported being Somniosus antarcticus and Lamna nasus. Although other squaliform sharks are thought to occur in the area, the taxonomic status of some of these species is also unclear. The current biological knowledge of the various species is summarised, focusing on those aspects of the life history that may inform on assessment and management.