CCAMLR

The distribution of krill (Euphausia superba) concentrations derived from Japanese krill fishing and minke whaling (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) data was investigated in relation to bottom topography, sea-ice and hydrographic features. Data were from the Indian, Pacific and western Atlantic sectors. In early summer (December) the areas of operation for both fisheries were affected by the latitudinal position and shape of the pack-ice edge. Harvesting was frequently conducted in the vicinity of a more southerly positioned pack-ice edge. Whaling was also undertaken in the embayments created by the pack-ice edge. When the ice-edge was at its southernmost limit (January- March), krill fishing data indicated that harvestable areas were associated with the continental and insular shelf breaks, not the pack-ice edge. Minke whaling data also suggested that not only sea-ice but also topographical features such as the continental shelf break and various banks may be important factors affecting minke whale distribution. Krill harvesting areas in the vicinity of the shelf breaks were often coincident with hydrographic fronts. These frontal features, by accompanying convergence or by coupling with krill specific behavior, were speculated to induce the formation of krill concentrations. The concentration of E. superba around a bank on the Ross Sea shelf is suggested on the basis of extreme high concentration of minke whales and their food composition

An estimate of target strength of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba was obtained by a series of cooperative experiments between research vessel and commercial krill trawler. Estimated target strength per 1g wet weight of Antarctic krill was -66.ldB a t the frequency of 200kHz. Average size of krill was 47.48mm and 0.873g.

Durante la campaña “ANTARTIDA 86ll”, se efectuaron 29 operaciones de pesca alrededor de Shag Rocks en las que se capturaron cerca de diez toneladas de Patagonotothen brevicauda guntheri. En base a los análisis cuantitativos y caulitativos de cada una de estas pescas, se han obtenido datos puntuales en el tiempo y en el espacio acerca de la distribución horizontal y batimétrica de esta especie, así como de su abundancia absoluta en diferentes estratos de profundidad.

Los muestreos de tallas y biológicos realizados a bordo, han permitido estimar la estructura de tallas de la población y varios pardmetros biológicos, tales como la razón de sexos, la talla de primera madurez la relación talla - peso y la talla de primera captura, imprescindibles para la aplicación de algunos de los modelos en los que se fundamenta la ordenación pesquera.

Las capturas medias por lance de pez hielo (Champsocephalus gunnari Lonnberg, 1905) y de (Notothenia gibberifrons Lonnberg,1905) obtenidas en la sub6rea 48.3 (Georgia del Sur) durante la campafia "ANTARTIDA 86111', han sido comparadas con las alcanzadas en otras prospecciones y en la pesca comercial.

Se ha observado que el arte semipelágico utilizado en la campaña "ANTARTIDA 8611" ha sido más efectivo en la captura del pez hielo que los artes de arrastre de fondo empleados en las otras campañas y en la pesqueria comercial, al mismo tiempo que se muestra menos eficaz en la pesca de Notothenia gibberifrons.

The paper considers the determination of time of breeding of five species of Antarctic Euphausiids. The original and literature data on age composition of larvae gave the possibility to calculate the dates of the beginning, termination and periods of high and the most intension of spawning. In the waters of different origin and on different latitudes euphausiids begin to spawn in a usual succession (Makarov, 1979): Euphausia triacantha - E. frigida - Thysanoessa macrura - E. crystallorophias - E. superba. The spawning of each species begins later in waters of high-latitude origin. The same connection exists for the period of the most intensive spawning. The termination of spawning in the waters of high-latitude origin is earlier then in the waters of an other type. The correlation with a geographical position of a region (latitude) is obvios for the beginning and maximum of the spawning while for the termination it is obscure. All the species of Antarctic Euphausiids exept E. superba are spring-spawning while the last is summer-spawning.

The paper considers peculiarities of krill fishery conducted by a krill fishering and processing vessel producting krill meat. The vessel operated in the Commonwealth Sea, the Cosmonaut Sea and in twi Scotia Sea areas (off South Orkneys and off South Georgia) from February to June 1988. In all four areas the average catch per hour was maintained at the same level of 5-8 t to permit full utilisation of raw krill for processing. The catsh size was regulated by varying haul duration on yhe basis on echo recordings. Changrs of fishing areas were sometimes caused by weather conditions but yhe chif cause was tthe size composition of krill in the catches. Preference was given to larger krill. The density of krill in aggragtions usually remained at a high level and was a less important cause of area changes.

Though South Georgia and Bouvet Island are located at the same latitude, the growth and maturation rates as well as the average minimal sizes of E.superba are appreciably higher in the former than in the latter area. This is attributed to milder climatic conditions and better food supply in the South Georgia area as compared to Bouvet Island. The differences in the growth and maturation rates of E.superba between these two areas persist with a change of climatic epochs. During the warmer climatic epoch maturation in both areas begins earlier and stops later than during the colder epoch. Two spawning peaks are observed during the warmer and one peak during the colder epoch.