CCAMLR

The aim of this document is to serve as an objective guideline to decide on an appropriate observer coverage to understand overall behaviour and impact of the fishery. CCAMLR Observer data, together with haul-by-haul fine-scale data were used to identify the target SSMUs and the critical periods as baseline to evaluate the level of observer coverage needed to achieve the CCAMLR objectives. The analysis revealed that the key to a successful observer program is 100% participation by all Members in providing systematic observer coverage, with 100% vessel time coverage to ensure viable data collection. An urgent need for capacity building by all fishing nations is re-iterated so that a large number of qualified observers are able to be deployed for 100% vessel time to ensure acquisition of data.

• Information was taken from CCAMLR observer reports and interviews with fishing masters;
• The variation in reported conversion factors for similar reported products can be attributed to a number of reasons:.; o Differences in the method of processing the same products o Seasonal variation o Spatial variation o Krill water content o Reporting errors (recording percentage recovered instead of conversion factor)

• Uncertainty in reported Conversion Factors does not necessarily lead to uncertainty in total catch estimates as the majority of vessels interviewed made direct estimates of green weight catches; and,
• A need for closer monitoring of processing methods, calculation of green weight catches, and conversion factors where appropriate, this could be enhanced by greater observer coverage.

This paper provides a review of the three main trawling systems used to target Antarctic krill: traditional, continuous fishing systems and fishing systems utilising pumping to clear the codend. Common terms used in reference to trawling techoniques and gear are defined, with specific emphasis on continuous trawling. The operational procedures for trawl vessels targeting krill in the Antarctic are described including standard procedures for setting and hauling.

The Secretariat has made changes to the Observers Manual to reflect the current advice from the Scientific Committee and its Working Groups. These changes are presented as an annotated Table of Contents, with a full track-change version of the Manual provided as an appendix. Two additional sections are included at the end of this document which require endorsement from the Working Group. These are:  Proposal for a revised method for recording Krill Feeding Observations, and  Proposal for a revised fish sampling protocol for krill fisheries.

This paper presents a methodological framework to estimate the likely cumulative impact on fragile benthic organisms from bottom fishing activity. The approach has been designed to facilitate standardized application among various gear types and areas to allow comparisons between fisheries employing different bottom fishing methods. New Zealand implemented this approach in its preliminary assessment of bottom fishing impacts for the 2008/09 toothfish longline fishery. This paper illustrates the utility of the standardized approach and provides a methodological template for systematic impact assessment in fisheries using bottom impacting methods, to inform mitigation efforts and as a necessary component of a full ecological risk assessment.

Acoustic and trawl samples obtained in the near-bottom layers covered by bottom trawl surveys in the South Georgia area are analyzed. The high heterogeneity of horizontal and vertical fish distribution in the near-bottom layers within the surveyed area is shown. Influence of this fish distribution heterogeneity on trawl surveys efficiency and reliability is analyzed by simulating the impact on fish biomass estimates of varying headline height of bottom trawl and shifting trawl stations positions. Under example of Russian and UK bottom surveys carried out in the South Georgia area during season’s 2000 and 2002, it is shown that inter-seasons and inter-vessels differences between fish biomass estimates may be to a considerable degree stipulated by heterogeneity of fish distribution in the near-bottom layer relative to the trawl sampling strategy, including fishing gear operation zones (Russian trawl HEK-4M and UK trawl FP120) and the trawl station locations rather than by the variability of the stock state.