WG-EMM-10

This paper presents a time series of relevant data reported from scientific observations in the CCAMLR krill fishery: 1999/2000 to 2008/09.

So far this season (2009/10), ten of the 11 krill fishing vessels licensed by Members (China, Japan, Korea, Norway, Poland, Russia) have fished in Area 48. The total catch reported to May 2010 was 108550 t, most of which has been taken from Subareas 48.1 and 48.2 between February and May. Approximately 40% of the catch has been taken by two vessels using the continuous fishing system. The Read More
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Seven Members submitted notifications for a total 15 vessels for krill fisheries in Subareas 48.1, 48.2, 48.3 and 48.4 and Divisions 58.4.1 and 58.4.2 in 2010/11. There was no notification submitted for exploratory fisheries for krill in 2010/11. The total notified, expected level of catch of krill in 2010/11 is 410000 tonnes.

In accordance with conservation measures (CM) in force, Members are required to notify the Secretariat of encounters, and potential encounters with vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Notifications are made either under CM 22-07 in the case of encounters with potential VMEs during the course of bottom fishing, or under CM 22-06 in other cases such as during research surveys. The Secretariat Read More
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Results of Russian krill fishery in the area 48.2 in the season of 2009 (March – beginning of June) on the cruise data of trawler “Maxim Starostin” are discussed in the paper. The vessel used the continuous fishing method. 21 trawlings with the total duration of 1113,5 hours were carried out during 71 fishing days. Mean catch per hour trawling is 5,6 t/h. Data on daily catch, catch Read More
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To support the implementation of both the precautionary and ecosystem approaches to the ongoing management of the Southern Ocean krill fishery, Norway would like SC-CAMLR and its Ecosystem Monitoring and Management Working Group to consider a proposal to obtain annual krill biomass information in CCAMLR sub-area 48.2.

The krill escapement mortality and the methods to determine it are closely connected with the need to have systematic observer coverage in the Antarctic krill fishery. Experiments to estimate krill escapement mortality should be introduced on all krill fishing vessels that carry scientific observers onboard. To provide krill escapement mortality experiments it is proposed that data on speed of Read More
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This report provides the scientific basis, validating the results of the CCAMLR Bioregionalization Workshop (2007) as well as the report of ASOC (2010), for identifying the Ross Sea as one of 11 areas deserving close scrutiny for inclusion in a network of marine protected areas. CCAMLR (2007) identified the Ross Sea as an area of high biodiversity on the basis of its high physical Read More
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We report results of analyses of niche occupation among mesopredators in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, considering three important components: 1) projected distribution and overlap across the surface of the ocean, 2) capacity to utilize differing amounts of the water column (foraging depth) and 3) diet. Species included were: Antarctic Minke Whale, Ross Sea Killer Whale (ecotype C), Read More
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An update on the citation ranking of CCAMLR Science and the online publication developments are provided. The Working Group is invited to comment on the procedures for citing and public access to working group documents and the process of document submission to working groups. All authors and reviewers are thanked for their continued support to CCAMLR Science.

High densities of pterobranchs (Phylum Hemichordata: Class Pterobranchia) and sea pens (Phylum Cnidaria: Order Pennatulacea), two vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) indicator taxa, were encountered at sites on the shelf of the eastern South Orkney Islands. The details of these encounters, utilizing occurrence and abundance in bottom trawl catches, are provided. The distributions of standardized Read More
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The WG-FSA Subgroup on VMEs was tasked with providing a draft template of a Report on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems to WG-EMM and WG-FSA in 2010. This paper provides a draft template, including the workplan and discussion. It has been compiled by the Subgroup for consideration at WG-EMM in 2010. The structure aims to follow the logic of the fishery reports already provided by WG-FSA: (i) Read More
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This paper describes distribution and size-age composition of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in commercial catches by Russian trawler 'Maxim Starostin' in the South Orkney region (Subarea 48.2). The fishery operations were conducted between January and March in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. All age cohorts of krill passed spawning during the season 2008/2009, while in Read More
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Standardization of fishing effort on the basis of the generalized linear models with mixed effect (GLMM) allows to the authors to analyze the specific character of the spatial distribution of fishery at the scale of Area 48, Subareas 48.1-48.3, SSMUs and years using CAMLR statistical database. The interannual variability of the standardized CPUE related to the fishery performance was analyzed Read More
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The task to estimate the escape mortality of krill during the fishing operation assigned by Scientific Committee requires assessment of the total krill passed through the rope and netting parts of trawl and krill amount appeared unviable in the process of escapement. The recommendations presented are the first attempt to develop the method of instrumental assessment of the «escape mortality». Read More
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In this study the review of Russian investigations of krill escapement through the trawl netting fulfilled by means of instrumental (acoustic observations, underwater observations, method of fine-meshed chafers) and analytical methods are presented. The main factors affected on krill escapement though trawl netting and escape mortality are shown. The author discusses the results of these Read More
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Large concentrations of early (Calyptopes I to Furcilia III) larvae are consistently detected at the Weddell Scotia Confluence due to the presence of upwelling of larvae completing their developmental ascent. A number of quantitative variables reflect this phenomenon. As the position of the Confluence is fixed by the bottom topography interannual variability is geographicaly limited making Read More
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Cape Shirreff is designated as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 149 through the Antarctic Treaty. The Management Plan for Cape Shirreff has been revised as part of the five-yearly review process required by the Madrid Protocol. The management plan has been updated with recent data and scientific publications and on the basis of detailed Inspection Checklists completed by United Read More
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Species composition and abundance of myctophid fish were analyzed using the fish bycatch samples collected by scientific observers onboard Japanese commercial krill fishing vessels in the area north and northwest of South Georgia, Antarctica during the austral winter from 2002 to 2008. A total of 9 myctophid species were identified in the by-catch samples, among which Krefftichthys Read More
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We provide an update on progress in the FRDC and industry-funded project “Demersal interactions with marine benthos in the Australian EEZ of the Southern Ocean: an assessment of the vulnerability of benthic habitats to impact by demersal gears”. This project commenced in 2006 and is due to conclude with the publication of a final report in late 2011. Outputs of this project, including novel Read More
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A compact, autonomous deep sea video system designed and constructed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) for deployment on commercial fishing gear to observe interactions with the Southern Ocean benthos, has a wider application in deep-sea marine research. The use of the system as a drop camera for broad-scale and rapid deep-sea benthic habitat assessment, during a recent AAD marine Read More
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A benthic sampling program in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI, CCAMLR Statistical Division 58.5.2) region was undertaken by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) from 2003 to 2008. Quantitative samples collected during three cruises by the fishing vessel Southern Champion from eleven geographic areas, using either a beam trawl or benthic sled, provide the most comprehensive Read More
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The plan of implementation for Agenda 21 of the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) requires an estate of marine protected areas for the purposes of long‐term conservation of marine biodiversity by 2012. A representative system of marine protected areas (RSMPA) will be one that (i) provides a spatial estate of the smallest area sufficient to satisfy the principles of Read More
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Accurate estimation of the true impact of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) requires knowledge of the distribution of those communities relative to the fishing footprint. If high target fish catch rates are associated with habitats where VMEs are found, impacts from fishing would be higher than if VMEs are distributed randomly with respect to fishing locations. This study Read More
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High resolution VME taxa bycatch data (at the longline segment level) has been collected for two fishing seasons, with 4728 longline segments observed. Several regions with consistent presence of sponge and/or gorgonian bycatch are identifiable, as are several areas of dense fishing effort with no evidence of sponge or gorgonian presence. Identifiable sponge and/or gorgonian habitats occurred Read More
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In 2009 SC-CCAMLR identified a list of tasks to be considered intersessionally to progress a framework within CCAMLR to manage the risk that bottom fishing in the CCAMLR Area may produce significant adverse impacts on certain benthic habitats, termed Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). One of the identified intersessional tasks was to produce a glossary of terms relevant to the management of Read More
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Since 2005, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has progressed plans to implement spatial management for purposes of marine conservation (i.e. networks of Marine Protected Areas, or MPAs). In 2008 CCAMLR utilized a circumpolar-scale ‘bioregionalisation’ to identify areas within which MPA designation should be considered as a matter of high priority Read More
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The Scientific Committee has agreed that the proposed 2011 workshop should be a priorityfor support by the MPAs Special Fund. It requested that the MPAs Special FundCorrespondence Group should develop a proposal for the workshop, and that funds could beset aside for this purpose as required (SC-CAMLR-XXVIII, paragraph 3.32). The Correspondence Group has therefore developed this preliminary Read More
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1. South Africa is seeking GEF assistance to support capacity building and training in science and science processes associated with Antarctic and Southern Ocean ecosystems, including: Measuring potential physical and ecological degradation and destabilisation from the effects of climate change (particularly ocean acidification) and pollution; Identifying and managing the risk from marine Read More
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The Secretariat has received a notification from the UK for exploratory fisheries for Dissostichus spp. in Subareas 88.1 and 88.2 in 2010/11. This notification included a preliminary assessment of the potential for the proposed bottom fishing activities to have significant adverse impact on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs), as required by CCAMLR Conservation Measure 22-06. In an Read More
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Systematic conservation planning is a recognised tool for advancing ongoing efforts to establish meaningful protection for the unique biodiversity of the Southern Ocean. With conservation planning already underway in a number of priority areas within the Southern Ocean, this report looks at the feasibility of complementing these targeted initiatives by assembling and analysing existing Read More
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Four species of penguin breed regularly at South Africa’s Prince Edward Islands: king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus, gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua, macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus and southern rockhopper penguin E. chrysocome. In December 2008 it was estimated that some 65 000 pairs of king penguins were incubating eggs at Marion Island, the Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 31 (3) (2009): 419–426)

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Numbers of Crozet shags Phalacrocorax [atriceps] melanogenis breeding at Marion Island decreased by more than 70% from 840 pairs in 1994/95 to 220 pairs in 2003/04 and then increased to some 500 pairs in 2008/09. The trends are thought to have been influenced by breeding success, which averaged 0.30 and 0.66 chicks per pair per year from 1998/99–2002/03 and 2003/04–2008/09, Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 31 (3) (2009): 427–430)

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Subantarctic skuas Catharacta antarctica are key predators of burrowing petrels at sub-Antarctic islands, and can be used to monitor the health of burrowing petrel populations. A survey of skuas at the Prince Edward Islands was conducted during December 2008, repeating a previous survey in December 2001. Prince Edward Island (46 km²) remains free of introduced mammals, Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 31 (3) (2009): 431–437)

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The second mid-summer survey of surface-nesting seabirds at the Prince Edward Island group (Marion and Prince Edward islands) was conducted during December 2008, seven years after the initial mid-summer survey. Wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans may have decreased slightly at Prince Edward Island, mirroring a decrease of roughly 2% per year at Marion Island from 1998 to 2005, a Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 31 (3) (2009): 409–417)

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Breeding numbers of Laridae and other surface-nesting seabirds have been monitored at subantarctic Marion Island since 1996/97 and counts of breeding birds were made at nearby Prince Edward Island in December 2001 and December 2008. Four species are regular breeders at the islands: subantarctic skua Catharacta antarctica, kelp gull Larus dominicanus, Antarctic tern Sterna Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci, 31 (3) (2009): 439–444)

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The horizontal and vertical distributions of larvae and reproductive timing of euphausiids were investigated in the Ross Sea and its adjacent waters during austral summer 2004–2005. Occurrences of larvae of Euphausia frigida and E. triacantha were confined to the northern oceanic area where the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water prevailed, although their juvenile and adult stages Read More
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(Plankton and Benthos Res., 4 (4) (2009): 135–146)

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Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus are the two main land-based krill Euphausia superba consumers in the northern Scotia Sea. Using a combination of concurrent at sea (predator observations, net hauls and multi-frequency acoustics), and land-based (animal tracking and diet analysis) techniques, we examined variability Read More
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(Mar. Biol., 157 (1) (2009): 99–112)

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The South Georgia region supports a large biomass of krill that is subject to high interannual variability. The apparent lack of a locally self-maintaining krill population at South Georgia means that understanding the mechanism underlying these observed population characteristics is essential to successful ecosystem-based management of krill fishery in the region. Krill acoustic-density data Read More
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(Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 399 (2010): 243–252)

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We studied the relationship between the proximity of land and the distribution and swarming characteristics of Antarctic krill across the Scotia Sea in January and February 2003. Krill swarms identified with a Simrad EK60 (38 kHz, 120 kHz) echosounder were grouped into 4 categories according to distance from shoreline: 0 to 50 km, 50 to 100 km, 100 to 200 km and 200 to 500 km. Cross-sectional Read More
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(Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., (in press))

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Swarming is a fundamental part of the life of Euphausia superba, yet we still know very little about what drives the considerable variability in swarm shape, size and biomass. We examined swarms across the Scotia Sea in January and February 2003 using a Simrad EK60 (38 kHz, 120 kHz) echosounder, concurrent with net sampling. The acoustic data were analysed through applying a swarm- Read More
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(Deep-Sea Res. I, 56 (2009): 1994–2012)

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Long-distance migration enables many organisms to take advantage of lucrative breeding and feeding opportunities during summer at high latitudes and then to move to lower, more temperate latitudes for the remainder of the year. The latitudinal range of the Adélie penguin spans ~22o. Penguins from northern colonies may not migrate, but due to the high latitude of Ross Island colonies, these Read More
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(Ecology, 91 (7) (2010): 2056–2069)

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The U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (U.S. AMLR) field season completed it’s 24th season of a long-term series of studies of the Antarctic Peninsula ecosystem. Hydrographic results characterizing the waters around the South Shetland Islands indicate that several water masses converge in the area, forming a front along the shelf break north of the archipelago. During the 2009/10 U.S. AMLR Read More
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(AMLR 2009/2010 Field Season Report: Objectives, Accomplishments and Conclusions. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOAA-TM-NMFS (in press))

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Three models were used to look at the Southern Ocean Ross Sea sector circulation and hydrography. Two were climate models of low (1°) to intermediate resolution (1/3°), and one was an operational high resolution (1/10°) ocean model. Despite model differences (including physics and forcing), mean and monthly variability aspects of off-shelf circulation are consistently represented, and could Read More
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(Ant. Sci. (2010): doi: 10.1017/S0954102010000246)

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We applied a multivariate statistical modelling technique called boosted regression trees to derive relationships between environmental conditions and the distribution of the adult stage of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis in the Southern Ocean. Nearly 20 000 samples from the Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder survey (87% from East Antarctica) were used to model the Read More
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(Deep-Sea Res. I, 57 (2010): 469–485)

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The onshore distributions and the abundances of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and Subantarctic fur seals A. tropicalis were determined at Prince Edward Island during 16–20 December 2008. This repeats a survey conducted in December 2001 and extends the area surveyed to include the entire south-west coast of Prince Edward Island. Of the two colonies of Antarctic fur Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 31 (3) (2009): 451–455)

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During three summer surveys at Prince Edward Island (PEI), southern Indian Ocean (2001, 2004 and 2008), 416 southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina were inspected for identification tags. In all, 42 seals that had been tagged as weaned pups at their natal site were found on Marion Island (MI), 38 of which could be individually identified by resighting their tag numbers. The majority Read More
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(Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 31 (3) (2009): 457–462)

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